Gengibre (Zingiber officinale) no Manejo de Náuseas e Vômitos Induzidos por Quimioterapia em Pacientes com Câncer: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura / Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in the Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Cancer Patients: Integrative Literature Review / Jengibre (Zingiber officinale) en el Tratamiento de las Náuseas y los Vómitos Inducidos por la Quimioterapia en Pacientes con Cáncer: Revisión Integradora de la Literatura

Introdução: Náuseas e vômitos induzidos por quimioterapia (NVIQ) são importantes efeitos colaterais dos tratamentos antineoplásicos. Algumas plantas medicinais vêm sendo estudadas no manejo desses efeitos, como o gengibre (Zingiber officinale). Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão acerca do uso via oral do gengibre no manejo de NVIQ em pacientes com câncer. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada na base de dados MEDLINE, em setembro de 2022, adotando a combinação das palavras-chave "Zingiber officinale" e "Cancer". Foram também aplicados filtros na seleção para incluir ensaios clínicos aleatórios publicados entre 2012 e 2022. Resultados: Ao todo, foram analisados nove estudos. O gengibre apresenta potencial de reduzir NVIQ em pacientes com câncer, refletindo positivamente na qualidade de vida e na melhora do apetite e da fadiga. Os estudos não observaram efeitos adversos da administração do gengibre. Conclusão: O uso por via oral do gengibre demonstra ser uma estratégia segura para o manejo de NVIQ em pacientes com câncer, na dose de 1 g/dia do gengibre em pó, podendo ser utilizado como terapia complementar juntamente com regimes antieméticos padrões

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are important side effects of antineoplastic treatments. Some medicinal plants have been studied in the management of these effects, such as ginger (Zingiber officinale). Objective: Review the oral use of ginger in the management of CINV in cancer patients. Method: Integrative literature review carried out at the MEDLINE database, in September 2022, utilizing the combination of the keywords "Zingiber officinale" and "Cancer", filters were also applied to include randomized clinical trials published between 2012 and 2022. Results: In all, nine studies were analyzed. Ginger has the potential to reduce CINV in cancer patients, reflecting positively on quality-of-life, improved appetite and fatigue. The studies have not found any adverse effect after administering ginger. Conclusion: The oral use of ginger proves to be an effective strategy for the management of CINV in cancer patients, in the dosage regimen of 1 g/day of powdered ginger, and can be used as a complementary therapy along with standard antiemetic regimens

Introducción: Las náuseas y los vómitos inducidos por la quimioterapia (NVIQ) son efectos secundarios importantes de los tratamientos antineoplásicos. Se han estudiado algunas plantas medicinales en el manejo de estos efectos, como el jengibre (Zingiber officinale). Objetivo: Realizar una revisión integradora de la literatura sobre el uso oral del jengibre en el manejo de las NVIQ en pacientes oncológicos. Método: Revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en la base de datos MEDLINE, en septiembre de 2022, adoptando la combinación de las palabras clave "Zingiber officinale" y "Cancer". También se aplicaron filtros en la selección para incluir ensayos clínicos aleatorizados publicados entre 2012 y 2022. Resultados: En total, se analizaron nueve estudios. El jengibre tiene el potencial de reducir las NVIQ en pacientes con cáncer, lo que se refleja positivamente en la mejora de la calidad de vida, apetito y fatiga. Los estudios no han observado ningún efecto adverso por la administración del jengibre. Conclusión: El uso del jengibre por vía oral demuestra ser una estrategia segura para el manejo de NVIQ en pacientes con cáncer, usando una dosis de 1 g/día de jengibre en polvo, y puede usarse como terapia complementaria junto con los regímenes antieméticos estándar

Comparison of the effect of ginger and aloe vera mouthwashes on xerostomia in patients with type 2 diabetes: A clinical trial, triple-blind / Comparación del efecto de los enjuagues bucales de jengibre y aloe vera sobre xerostomía en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2: un ensayo clínico, triple ciego

Background: Ginger and aloe vera are two medicinal herbs mostly used to produce mouthwash. This study aimedto compare the effects of ginger and aloe vera mouthwashes on the xerostomia in patients referred to Bandar Ab-bas diabetes clinic (Iran).Material and Methods: In this triple-blind clinical trial, three groups (n=35 patients in each group) were studied.One group was given aloe vera mouthwash, the other group used ginger mouthwash, and the control group wasonly given normal saline. All the mouthwashes were used 20 ccs three times daily for 14 consecutive days. Thesymptoms and severity of xerostomia were measured before and after the intervention by the questionnaire pro-posed by Fox et al. as well as VAS scale, respectively. Statistical analysis, including the Shapiro-Wilk test usedto measure the normality of variables, and Chi-square and McNemar used to compare the scores questionnaireproposed by Fox et al., were also applied. Scores of VAS were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test. P<0.05 wasconsidered as statistically significant in all these tests.Results: The mean age of the participants included in the normal saline group was 58.13±14.75 years old, 54.14±9.35years old in the ginger group, and 53.37±11.57 years old in the aloe vera group. The difference between the scoresof xerostomia before and after performing the intervention (The amount of reduction in xerostomia) in the gin-ger group was 6.12±2.004 cm, in the aloe vera group it was 4.08±2.09 cm, and in the normal saline group it was2.45±2.09 cm. Finally, the ginger and aloe vera mouthwashes significantly reduced all symptoms and severityrelated to xerostomia, respectively(p<0.001). Conclusions: The use of mouthwash is an effective measure to reduce xerostomia under chronic conditions. Aloevera, ginger, and normal saline are known as effective mouthwashes on controlling this complication. According tothe results of this study, ginger and aloe vera mouthwashes could...(AU)

Ação citotóxica e antimicrobiana do extrato glicólico de Zingiber officinale sobre micro-organismos de interesse para odontologia / Cytotoxic action and antimicrobial of Zingiber officinale glycolic extract of microorganisms of interest for dentistryeng

O número de espécies bacterianas resistentes aos antimicrobianos tem atingido níveis elevados. Com isso, torna-se necessária a realização de pesquisas que avaliem os efeitos de métodos terapêuticos alternativos. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram avaliar a citotoxicidade do extrato glicólico de Zingiber officinale em macrófagos de camundongos e queranócitos humanos, atividade antimicrobiana sobre biofilmes monotípicos (micro-organismos aeróbios: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, e anaeróbios: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia) e biofilmes heterotípicos (associação: C. albicans e bactérias aeróbias). Para ação citotóxica, as células foram cultivadas em meio DMEM, semeadas (2 x 104 células/poço) na placa de 96 poços. Após aderência inicial, foi adicionado o extrato em diluição seriada (5 min e 24 h), e realizado o teste de MTT. Para avaliar a ação antimicrobiana, a Concentração Inibitória Mínina (CIM) e Concentração Microbicida Mínima (CMM) foram determinadas segundo as normas do CLSI. Para biofilmes, foram adicionados 100 µL meio de cultura e 100 µL suspensão microbiana (107 UFC/mL) em placas de 96 poços, nos heterotípicos foram utilizados 50 µL de cada microorganismo. As placas foram incubadas (37ºC), por 48 h (aeróbios) ou por 7 dias (anaeróbios). Aplicou-se o extrato (5 min e 24 h), nas concentrações efetivas pré-determinadas (CMM) e duas superiores, depois os biofilmes foram desagregados e semeados para a contagem de UFC. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente (ANOVA e Tukey, ou Kruskall-Wallis e Dunn, 5%). O extrato glicólico de Z. officinale apresentou viabilidade celular superior a 50% a partir de 50 (5 min) e 6,25 mg/mL (24 h) aos macrófagos, 25 (5 min) e 12,5 mg/mL (24 h) aos queratinócitos. Nos biofilmes monotípicos apresentou resultados mais significantes sobre C. albicans, P. endodontalis e P. intermedia. Mostrou-se mais efetivo sobre os biofilmes heterotípicos, como na associação entre C. albicans e S. aureus (24 h) onde apresentou redução de 90% e 100%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que o extrato glicólico de Z. officinale apresentou viabilidade celular superior a 50% na cultura de macrófagos e queratinócitos, apresentou atividade antimicrobiana sobre os biofilmes monotípicos de C. albicans, S. aureus, S. mutans, P. gingivalis, P. endodontalis, P. intermedia e sobre os biofilmes heterotípicos(AU)

The number of bacterial species resistant to antimicrobials has reached high levels. Thus, it is necessary to perform research that evaluates the alternative therapeutic methods, such as ginger. The present study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the Zingiber officinale glycolic extract in human and mouse macrophages, antimicrobial activity on monotypic biofilms (aerobic microorganisms: Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and anaerobes: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia) and heterotypic biofilms (association: C. albicans and aerobic bacteria). To cytotoxic action, the cells have been cultivated in DMEM medium, seeded (2x104 cells/well) in the 96-well plate. After initial adhesion, the extract has been added to serial dilution (5 min and 24 h), and the MTT tests were performed. In order to assess the antimicrobial action, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Microbicidal Concentration (MMC) were determined in according to CLSI standards. In the biofilms case, 100 µL culture medium and 100 µL microbial suspension (107 CFU / mL) were added to 96-well plates, 50 µL of each microorganism was used in the heterotypics. The plates were incubated (37°C) for 48 h period (aerobic) or for 7 days (anaerobic). The extract (5 min and 24 h) was applied at the pre-determined effective concentrations (MMC) and two higher concentrations, after which the biofilms were disaggregated and seeded for the CFU count. Data were analyzed statistically (ANOVA and Tukey, or Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn, 5%). The glycolic extract of Z. officinale presented cell viability greater than 50% from 50 (5 min) and 6.25 mg/mL (24 h) to macrophages, 25 (5 min) and 12.5 mg/mL (24 h) to keratinocytes. In the monotypic biofilms presented significant results on C. albicans, P. endodontalis and P. intermedia. It was shown to be more effective on heterotypic biofilms, as well as in the association between C. albicans and S. aureus (24 h), where it is presented a reduction of 90% and 100%, respectively. It concluded that Z. officinale glycolic extract presented cell viability greater than 50% in the macrophages and keratinocytes culture, in which presented antimicrobial activity on the monotypic biofilms of C. albicans, S. aureus, S. mutans, P. gingivalis, P. endodontalis, P. intermedia and on heterotypic biofilms(AU)

Hiperpotasemia grave en un paciente cirrótico en relación con el consumo de jengibre / Severe hyperkalaemia caused by ginger in cirrhotic patient

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